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genoCDS is a clinical reference tool for qualified healthcare professionals only. Content is derived from published guidelines and regulatory sources and may contain errors or outdated information. It is not a substitute for professional medical judgment, institutional protocols, or individual patient assessment. Always verify recommendations against current primary sources before making clinical decisions. Full disclaimer →

Colorectal Cancer · Colon Adenocarcinoma

Stage Stage IVB

Multiple extrathoracic metastases in one or more organs. Widely metastatic disease.

4 test recommendations across 1 clinical indication

At Diagnosis

Stage IVB widely metastatic colon cancer. Same biomarker requirements as Stage IVA; plasma cfDNA may supplement or replace tissue biopsy.

Required 3 tests

RequiredFDA Companion Dx

Extended RAS/RAF Panel

RAS/RAF Panel

LOINC 81480-0

Comprehensive RAS/RAF hotspot panel detecting KRAS exons 2–4 (codons 12, 13, 59, 61, 117, 146), NRAS exons 2–4, and BRAF V600E. Extended RAS testing is mandatory before initiating anti-EGFR therapy (cetuximab, panitumumab) in metastatic CRC — any RAS mutation is a contraindication. BRAF V600E status drives eligibility for encorafenib + cetuximab (BEACON-CRC).

Ordering Note

Mandatory as for Stage IVA. Plasma cfDNA particularly useful in widely metastatic disease when tissue biopsy is not feasible.

Specimen

FFPE tumorPlasma cfDNA

Evidence

NCCN
NCCN CRC v4.2024
NCCN Cat. 1
RequiredFDA Companion Dx

BRAF V600E Mutation Analysis

BRAF V600E

LOINC 81527-9

Detection of BRAF V600E (p.Val600Glu) point mutation. Dabrafenib + trametinib (Tafinlar + Mekinist) is FDA-approved for BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic NSCLC. BRAF V600E occurs in 1.5–4% of NSCLC, more commonly in adenocarcinoma, and is enriched in current/former smokers. Non-V600E BRAF mutations occur more frequently but currently lack approved targeted therapy.

Ordering Note

Required. BRAF V600E mCRC has poor prognosis with standard chemotherapy; early identification enables BEACON-CRC regimen planning.

Specimen

FFPE tumor tissue (≥10% tumor)Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)

Evidence

NCCN
NCCN CRC v4.2024
NCCN Cat. 1
RequiredFDA Companion Dx

Microsatellite Instability / Mismatch Repair Status (MSI/MMR)

MSI/MMR

LOINC 81695-4

Testing for microsatellite instability (MSI) and/or mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. Methods: PCR-based MSI testing, IHC for MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), or NGS-based MSI calculation. MSI-H (high instability) / dMMR (deficient MMR) is an FDA-approved pan-tumor biomarker for pembrolizumab and dostarlimab. MSI-H/dMMR is rare in NSCLC (<1%) but justifies routine testing given pan-tumor approval. IHC for MMR proteins can be performed on most tissue specimens.

Ordering Note

Required. MSI-H/dMMR qualifies for first-line pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-177) with superior PFS vs. chemotherapy.

Specimen

FFPE tumor tissue (≥10% tumor)

Evidence

NCCN
NCCN CRC v4.2024
NCCN Cat. 1

Recommended 1 test

RecommendedFDA Companion Dx

Comprehensive Solid Tumor NGS Panel

Comprehensive NGS

LOINC 81445-4

Next-generation sequencing panel covering ≥300 cancer-relevant genes, including all major NSCLC drivers (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS, MET, RET, NTRK, HER2, FGFR), plus tumor mutational burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Examples include FoundationOne CDx, Tempus xT, Caris MI Transcriptome, and equivalent institutional panels. Preferred over single-gene sequential testing for efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

Ordering Note

Comprehensive panel preferred to capture all actionable targets (HER2, NTRK, KRAS G12C) in a single assay.

Specimen

FFPE tumor tissue (≥20% tumor)Liquid biopsy (ctDNA)Fresh/frozen tumor tissue

Evidence

NCCN
NCCN CRC v4.2024
NCCN Cat. 1

Payer Coverage

Payer Coverage Summary

Coverage status as of last policy review. Prior authorization requirements and coverage criteria may change. Verify directly with each payer before ordering.

TestMedicare (CMS)UnitedHealthAnthem BCBSHumanaCignaAetna
RAS/RAF PanelCoveredCoveredCoveredCoveredCoveredCovered
MSI/MMRCoveredCoveredUnknownUnknownUnknownUnknown
Comprehensive NGSCoveredCoveredCoveredPrior AuthCoveredCovered

Coverage data last verified via automated policy research. Always confirm current policies with each payer.

Reference only. Testing guidance shown is derived from published clinical guidelines and regulatory sources. It does not constitute a clinical recommendation for any individual patient. Payer coverage information is a general summary and may not reflect current policy or individual benefit design. Full disclaimer

Recommendations on this page are derived from publicly available guidelines (NCCN, ASCO, ESMO, FDA, OncoKB) and are paraphrased for reference. They do not constitute medical advice. Evidence levels reflect the grading systems of each respective organization and should be interpreted in clinical context. This reference is updated periodically but may not reflect the most recent guideline revisions.

Colon Adenocarcinoma — Stage IVB | Colorectal Cancer | genoCDS | genoCDS